Likewise, /di/ sometimes replaced / z/ in words like baptidiare for baptizare "to baptize". In some inscriptions, z represented a Vulgar Latin sound, likely an affricate, formed by the merging of the reflexes of Classical Latin / j/, /dj/ and /gj/: for example, zanuariu for ianuariu "January", ziaconus for diaconus "deacon", and oze for hodie "today". īefore the reintroduction of z, the sound of zeta was written s at the beginning of words and ss in the middle of words, as in sōna for ζώνη "belt" and trapessita for τραπεζίτης "banker". In the 1st century BC, z was reintroduced at the end of the Latin alphabet to represent the sound of the Greek zeta /dz/, as the letter y was introduced to represent the sound of the Greek upsilon /y/. Because the sound /z/ in Latin changed to /r/ by rhotacism in the fifth century BC, z was dropped and its place given to the new letter g. The letter z was part of the earliest form of the Latin alphabet, adopted from Etruscan. In Etruscan, this letter may have represented / ts/. The Etruscan letter Z was derived from the Phoenician alphabet, most probably through the Greek alphabet used on the island of Ischia. In the common dialect ( koine) that succeeded the older dialects, ζ became / z/, as it remains in modern Greek. In other dialects, such as Elean and Cretan, the symbol seems to have been used for sounds resembling the English voiced and voiceless th (IPA / ð/ and / θ/, respectively). In earlier Greek of Athens and Northwest Greece, the letter seems to have represented / dz/ in Attic, from the 4th century BC onwards, it seems to have stood for /zd/ and / dz/ – there is no consensus concerning this issue. The Greeks called it zeta, a new name made in imitation of eta (η) and theta (θ). The Greek form of Z was a close copy of the Phoenician Zayin ( ), and the Greek inscriptional form remained in this shape throughout ancient times. It represented either the sound / z/ as in English and French, or possibly more like / dz/ (as in Italian zeta, zero). The Semitic symbol was the seventh letter, named zayin, which meant "weapon" or "sword". ![]() In Esperanto, the name of the letter Z is pronounced /zo/. In Standard Chinese pinyin, the name of the letter Z is pronounced, as in "zi", although the English zed and zee have become very common. zeta /tseta/ or more rarely /tset/ in Finnish (sometimes dropping the first t altogether /seta/, or /set/ the latter of which is not very commonplace). Several languages render it as / ts/ or / dz/, e.g. Other languages spell the letter's name in a similar way: zeta in Italian, Basque, Spanish, and Icelandic (no longer part of its alphabet but found in personal names), zê in Portuguese, zäta in Swedish, zæt in Danish, zet in Dutch, Indonesian, Polish, Romanian, and Czech, Zett in German (capitalised as a noun), zett in Norwegian, zède in French, zetto ( ゼット) in Japanese romaji, and zét in Vietnamese. Its variants are still used in Hong Kong English and Cantonese. This dates from the mid-18th century and probably derives from Occitan izèda or the French ézed, whose reconstructed Latin form would be *idzēta, perhaps a Vulgar Latin form with a prosthetic vowel. Īnother English dialectal form is izzard / ˈ ɪ z ər d/. In most English-speaking countries, including Australia, Canada, India, Ireland, New Zealand and the United Kingdom, the letter's name is zed / z ɛ d/, reflecting its derivation from the Greek zeta (this dates to Latin, which borrowed X, Y, and Z from Greek, along with their names), but in American English its name is zee / z iː/, analogous to the names for B, C, D, etc., and deriving from a late 17th-century English dialectal form. 6.2 Ancestors and siblings in other alphabets.6.1 Descendants and related characters in the Latin alphabet.
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